Process of effecting the drying of non-drying oils and product produced by such process.



Y i "OFFICE.

" ILLIAMN' BLA'KEMAN, JR, on NEW YORK,N.

YAEBOCESS'OFJEFFECT'ING Tut DRYING F NONI-DRYING; OILIISIAND PRODUCT PRODUCED BY SUCH PROCESS.

county, and State of NewYork, have invent" ed a new anduseful Process of Making Dry ring Paint Compounds from Non-Drying Fatty 'srno'xrxcmrron forming partofLetters-Patent No.702,172, dated June 10,1902.

' Application filed'Maroh 5,190 1. Serial No.'49,708. (No sp ecimensj I TQ allrwhon t itfmay concern: Beitknown thatI-,WI 'LIAMN;BLAKEMAN, Jr. of the borough of Manhattan, in the city,

Oils and anew and usefnl Product Produced by Such Process, which invention is fully set forth in the followingspecifi'cation.

The object of this'invention is to utilizethe non-drying fatty oils as paint-oils by'so combining them with certain"pigments-that the compounds formed when applied as paints will dryand harden and produce economical and satisfactory results. i I

The invention will first be described in detail and then'set'forth in the claims.

' The drying-of oil combined-with a pigment when spread as a paint results from three actionse-namely, an increase of surface area exposed, the formation of a metallic soap or insoluble saponaceouscompound, andthe absorption of oxygen-and-in the majority of technical works referringto' the subject and as at'present understoodin trade circles the absorption'of oxygenisregarded as the primary and most import-ant step.- My investigations and experiments have demonstrated, however, that the formation of a metallic soap or insoluble saponaceous compound between the pigment and the oil is the first step in the drying of a paint and'that the absorption ofoxygen is a secondarystep. I have also discovered that the character of the soap formed,

' whether a hard soap or a soft orv glutinous soap,is,also of the highest importance, for if a soft or glutinous insoluble soap be formed by a pigmentwithits oil vehicle no amount of oxygen subsequently absorbed or imparted can dry-and harden the paint, and I have f urth er discovered that certain substancesused as pigments in paints, while they will form hard soaps-when ground in the drying oils the drying of the latter. Thus lead oxids and salts in the'proportion's in which they are used as pigments in paints form hard soaps with linseed or other drying oils, but'for,m soft soaps when incorporated in anon-drying fatty oil. These facts appear to have been owing to the formation of a' soft metallic soap between the lead and the oil. Ihave discovered that certain metallic and earthy oxids and salts if incorporated with a non-drying ioverlooked in all attempts heretofore made fatty oil'in proper proportionstoconstitute a paint will'form a hard insoluble soap with 'the oil, andthus cause the compound when spread as a paint to dry and harden. Hence by employing these substances as pigments in proper pr'oportionsand rejecting white lead and other pigments which formsoft-soaps with the non-drying fatty oils these oils may be employed as paint-oils.

- V The non-drying fatty oils at present falling within the economicalscope of my process are cotton-oil, sunflower-oil, corn-oil, and-the The pigments which may be used are I like. such'metallic and earthy oxids and salts as willform hard insoluble soaps when ground in the oil. Examples of such pigments are oxid of zinc or zinc-white, zinc carbonate,

manganese carbonate, calcium carbonate,V barium carbonate, barium sulfate, strontium carbonate, and aluminium oxid,the pigment which I have found most suitable being oxid of zinc. Y. I

In carrying out my lnventionl first'select a non-drying fatty oil and one or more pig ments capable of forming ahardmetallic soap therewith, and I then thoroughly incorporate such pigment or pigments with the oil by grinding or in any other suitable manner. The result of thissimple process is that when the compound s0 produced is spread as aipaint a hard insoluble soap or saponac'eous compound is formed between the non-drying fatty oil and the pigment, and the mixture willthor oughly dry and ha'rden.'

' The oil and pigment should be combined in substantially equal" parts-for example, one hundred parts of cottonseed oil and one hundred to one hundred and twenty parts of zinc-white-in order. that a compound may be ,7

formed of the proper consistency to be ap-' plied as a paint, it being understood, of course, that following the universal custom in trade too circles the pigment may be first ground in only a portion of the oilsay fifteen to twenty parts-to form a thick paste or f pigment ground in oil and the balance of the oil be subsequently added, so that when the paint is ready for spreading it will consist of substantially equal parts of oil and pigment. By reason of a difference in density from sixty to eighty parts of either barium, manganese, calcium, or strontiu m carbonate will be equivalent to one hundred parts of zincwhite. Hence I do not limit myself to exact proportions of oil and pigment. It will also be understood that suitable proportions of two or more pigmeutsfor example, sixty parts of zinc-white and forty parts of chalk-can be combined and that two or more non-drying fatty oils-for example, eighty parts of cotton-oil and twenty parts of sunflower-oilmay be mixed to form the vehicle.

The time of drying of the paint will be reduced considerably if a drier be added to the oil or to the pigment or to the compound formed, and the drier used for this purpose may be any animal, vegetable, metallic, or mineral substance that will perform the function of hastening the drying or hardening of the compound, a commercial liquid drier, such as turpentine-japan, being well adapted for this purpose.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim- 1. The process herein described of making a paint compound possessing drying and hardening properties, which consists in combining, substantially in the proportions specified, a non-drying fatty oil and a pigment capable of forming a hard metallic soap therewith.

2. The process herein described of making a paint compound possessing drying and hardening properties, which consists in combining, substantially in the proportions specified, a non-drying fatty oil and a pigment capable of formingahard metallic soap therewith, and adding a drier.

3. The process herein described of making a paint compound possessing drying and hardening properties, which consists in combin- I a paint compound possessing drying and hardening properties, which consists in combining, substantially in the proportions specified, anon-drying fatty oil and oxid of zinc, and adding a drier.

5. A paint compound, possessing drying properties, composed of a non-drying fatty oil and a pigment capable of forming a hard metallic soap therewith, combined substantially in the proportions specified.

6. A paint compound, possessing drying properties, composed of a non-drying fatty oil and a pigment capable of forming a hard metallic soap therewith, combined substantially in the proportions specified, and a drier.

7. A paint compound, possessing drying properties, composed of a non-drying fattyoil and oxid of zinc, combined substantially in the proportions specified.

8. A paint compound, possessing drying properties, composed of a non-drying fatty oil and oxid of zinc, combined substantially in the proportions specified, and a drier.

9. A paint compound, possessing drying properties, composed of cotton-seed oil and a pigment eapableof forming a hard metallic soap therewith, combined substantially in the proportions specified.

10. A paint compound, possessing drying properties, composed of cotton-seed oil and a pigment capable of forming a hard metallic soap therewith, combined substantiallyin the proportions specified; and a drier.

11. A paint compound, possessing drying properties, cdmposed of cotton-seed oil and oxid of zinc, combined substantially in the proportions specified.

12. A paint compound, possessing drying properties, composed of cotton-seed oil and oxid of zinc, combined substantially in the proportions specified; and a drier.

WM. N. BLAKEMAN, JR.

\Vitnessesz' FRANCIS P. REILLY, GEORGE A. STIMPSON. 

